Interlocked building blocks



April 14, 1953 H. F. ZAGRAY 2,634,602

- INTERLOCKED BUILDING BLOCKS Filed Feb. 25, 1948 s sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR.

garold I? Zagray A TTOR N EYS April 14, 1953 H. F. ZAGRAY 3 INTERLOCKEDBUILDING BLOCKS Filed Feb. 25, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 f2 INVENTOR.

[Zarola E Zayray A TTOR/VE Y8 April I4, 1953 H. F. ZAGRAY INTERLOCKEDBUILDING BLOCKS 3 Sheets -Shet 3 Filed Feb. 25, 1948 j 7 III .30

Fig.6

INVENTOR. iarala F. JIM if egg Zayray ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 14, 1953UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE iNTERLo'oKEn BUILDING BLOCKS Harold 'Zagray,Canton, Ohio, assignor, by

mesne assignments, to Precision Building System, Ino., Canton, Ohio, acorporation of Ohio Application February 25, 1948, 'Serial No. 10,650

9 Claims.

"The invention relates to building blocks, preferably formed of concreteor the like, for the construction of floors, walls and similar masonrystructures.

object of the invention is to provide a building block of this characterwhich is esp'ecially adapted for the construction of reinforced concretefloors and the like.

Another object is to provide such a building block having transverseapertures therethrough and longitudinal and transverse grooves adaptedto register with similar grooves of similar blocks when built into afloor, or the like, so as to provide intercommunicating passages intowhich concrete, or other semi-liquid bonding material, may be poured, orforced under pressure, to bond the blocks together in a solid floor orwall. a

A further object is to provide such blocks with interlocking ribs andrecesses for interlocking with similar blocks in the construction of afloor, wall or the like. a

A still further object is to provide a block o'f this character havingair passages adapted to register'with similar passages in adjacent,interlocking blocks, so as to provide air spaces within the floor orother structure.

Another object of 'th'e invention is to provide floor blocks of thecharacter referred to having transversely disposed ribs upon oppositeends of their lowerv sides; so as to space the remainder of the endsurfaceswiof the block from the end surfaces ofgsimilar blocks, whenlaid up in a floor or similar structure, providing mortar grooves intowhich concrete, or other semiplastic or liquid bonding material, may bepoured, or forced under pressure, so as to fill said spaces and also thecommunicating passages for-med by the grooves upon adjacent blocks inorder to bond the entire floor or similar structure together in a solidunit.

A further object is to provide such a floor structure in whichreinforcing metal rods are located through said openings and grooves ofthe blocks and embedded within the concrete or other bonding material.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a block in whichelongated air space openings are provided through the block on oppositesides of the median line thereof and intermedi'ate the ends thereof, andair space forming grooves are located in the ends of the block, eachgroove being one-half the width of said air space openings. r

Another object is to provide such a block, especially 'adapted forbuilding floors, 'in which the ends of the block are cut away above themedian line whereby concrete or the like poured from above may enter thespaces between adjacent blocks and fill the grooves in the "cut awayportions to anchor the blocks together in the floor.

The above objects, together with "others which will be apparent from thedrawings and following description, or which may be later referred to,maybe attainedby constructing the proved fioor and wall block in themanner here'- ina'fter described in detail and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional, perspective view of a portion of a floorconstructed of building blocks embodying the invention; 7

Fig. 2 an enlarged, perspective view of one of the improved fio'orblock's;

Fig. 3 is a similar view of a slightly modified form of floor block;

Fig. 4 a perspective View of a block embody-'- ing the inventionespecially adapted for the building of walls or similar verticalstructures;

Fig. 5 a perspective view of a modified form of wall block;

Fig. 6 a fragmentary top plan view or one end portion of a slightmodification of the end construction of a block similar to that shown inFig. 5;

Fig. 7 a modification of the blockfshown in Fig. 5, adapting it for useas a floor block;

Fig. 8 a sectional viewthrough a portion or a floor constructed withblocks such as shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view of a portion of a fioor,showing the abutting end portions of two of the blocks as shown in Figs.7 and s; r

Fig. 10 a fragmentary top plan sectional view of portions of two of thewall blocks shown in Fig. 4, showing the manner in which a wide verticalmortar joint with enlarged central pertion is formed between the opposedends "of blocks each course; and

Fig. 11 a fragmentary, vertical transverse section through a, portion ofa wall, showing a plurality of blocks having the ribs in interlockingrelationship and illustrating the horizontal joints between the blocks.

Referring first to the form of block shown in Figs. 1 and 2 andespecially adapted 'for use in the building of floors or similarhorizontal masonry structures, the block is, indicated generally at Illand is preferably formed of concrete or the like.

A horizontal, longitudinally disposed rib or projection II is formedupon one side of each block preferably having slightly tapered top andbottom walls, as indicated at I2, and the substantially fiat inside wallI3 provided with a central, longitudinally disposed, horizontal grooveI4.

A longitudinal recess I5, of sufiicient width to receive the rib orprojection II, and of slightly greater depth than the height of saidrib, extends horizontally along the opposite side of the block to therib or projection II, and has a centrally located, horizontal,longitudinal groove I B therein, corresponding to the groove I4 in therib or projection II.

Each end of the block has a similar, transversely disposed, horizontalgroove. I1 therein, being preferably half-round and of the same widthand shape as the groove It and I6 and communicating at opposite endswith the ends of the longitudinal grooves I4 and I6.

The upper and lower sides of the recess I are preferably slightlytapered as shown at I8, to conform to the tapered top and bottom wallsI2 of the rib or projection II so as to receive the rib or projection ofan adjacent block.

A transversely disposed, horizontal rib I9 is formed upon each end ofthe block at the lower side thereof, and a central, transverselydisposed, horizontal opening 20 is formed through the block from oneside thereof to the other, communicating with the central portions ofthe longitudinal grooves I 4 and I6.

In building a floor or similar horizontal masonry structure of theimproved blocks, the blocks are laid up in the manner shown in Fig. 1,the blocks in each course abutting adjacent blocks at their ends only atthe transverse ribs I9 at the lower sides thereof, so as to space theends of adjacent blocks apart forming mortar spaces ZI therebetween asindicated in Fig. 1.

The blocks in succeeding courses register with each other, as shown inFig. 1, rather than being staggered as is customary in building amasonry wall, so that the mortar spaces 2| extend entirely through thefloor structure.

Metal reinforcing .rods' 22 may be located through the transverseapertures 20 in succeeding courses of the blocks and also through theenlargements in the mortar spaces 2|, formed by the adjacent grooves I!in the ends of the blocks. When the floor is laid up in this mannerconcrete or other semi-liquid bonding material may be poured or forcedunder pressure into the mortar spaces 2I and will pass into thelongitudinal and horizontal transverse passages formed by the adjacentlongitudinal grooves I4 and I6 and by the transverse openings 29 all ofwhich are in communication with each other, thus forming a concretenetwork which binds all of the blocks together in a solid unit. I

, Preferably, suflicient concrete or the like is used to provide a layerthereof about two inches thick upon the top of the masonry structurethus formed, so as to provide afinished concrete floor. V

In Fig. 3 is shown a slight modification of the block shown in Figs. 1and 2, in which all of the parts thereof may be the same as shown anddescribed in reference to Fig. 2, and the same reference numerals areapplied thereto, excepting that instead of having continuouslongitudinal grooves I4 and IS on opposite sides of the block, a centralgroove 23 communicates with the central transverse opening 20 and 4terminates in closed ends 24 spaced from each end of the block.

A short end groove 25, having a closed end 26 spaced from the adjacentend of the central groove 23, extends into each end of the block,communicating with the transverse end grooves II. These blocks are laidup in the same manner as the blocks shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in order toform a floor or similar structure.

In both cases the blocks may preferably be provided with transverse airspaces 21 located above and below the central longitudinal grooves andadapted to register with similar air spaces in adjacent blocks, whenlaid up in a floor as shown in Fig. 1, so as to form air spaces entirelythrough the floor.

In Fig. 4 is shown a block especially adapted for use in the erection ofwalls or similar vertical masonry structures, and this block differsfrom the block shown in Fig. 2 only in that it is adapted to be locatedin vertical rather than horizontal position as shown in Fig. 2, whenbuilt into a wall, and is provided on opposite sides at each end withthe ribs I9a, similar to the ribs I9 above described so that mortarspaces formed by the ends of adjacent blocks are closed at both sides.Otherwise this block is as shown in Fig. 2, and the same referencenumerals are applied thereto.

The concrete or other semi-liquid bonding material is poured into thevertical wall constructed of these blocks, or forced under pressuretherein, in the same manner as above described, and the wall may or maynot be reinforced with steel rods as desired.

As shown in Fig. 10, when the wall blocks. as disclosed in Fig. 4 arelaid up in a wall and grout or mortar poured into the mortar spaces, aWide flat, vertical mortar joint 2la is formed between the opposed endsof blocks in each course with central enlargement IIa.

This is a very important feature of this wall block as it provides anabsolutely water-tight vertical mortar joint, and, as is well known inthe masonry art, the vertical mortar joint between blocks or bricks ineach course in a wall is the weakest point of the entire wall.

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 1 1, the space between the fiat top I3 ofthe rib II and the fiat top wall I5 of the recess in the next upperblock is so slight that grout will not flow outwardly therethrough fromthe central mortar space I! or 20, or any appreciable extent, so thatthere is no danger of grout entering the cored air spaces 27.

In Fig. 5 is shown the modification of the wall block in which alongitudinal rib or projection II is formed upon the top of theblock,having the slightly tapered side walls I2 and the substantially flat topwall I3 provided with a central longitudinally disposed horizontalgroove I4.

The longitudinal recess I5, of the same width as the rib II, is formedin the bottom side of the block and has a centrally located longitudinalgroove I6 therein, similar to the groove I4 in the top of the block.

Vertically disposed grooves I I, of sufficient width and contour toreceive the grooves I4 and I6, are located in the opposite end walls ofthe block and communicate at their upper and lower ends with the ends ofthe grooves I4 and I6 respectively. The side walls I8 of the recess I5are preferably tapered, conforming to the tapered side walls [2 of therib H, so as to receive the rib or projection of the next lower blockwhen laid up in a wall.

A central, vertically disposed opening 20' is formed through the block,from top to bottom thereof, communicating at opposite ends with thecentral portion of the horizontal grooves M' and I6. 7

Vertically disposed air spaces 27' extend entirely 'throughthe blockfrom top to bottom on opposite sides of the longitudinal center thereofand at points intermediate the ends of the block, and vertical grooves21" are formed at each end of the block, these grooves being one-halfthe length of the air spaces 21' so that when similar blocks are buttedtogether endwise in a wall, the opposed grooves 2-1" will form airspaces of the same size as the air spaces ill and adapted to registerwith similar air spaces in blocks located above and below when laid upin a wall. These blocks, the same as block shown in Fig. 4, are adaptedto be bonded together in a wall by mortar or the like filling the grovesl4, 16'', H and openings 20'.

In Fig. '6 is shown a slight modification of the end portion of a wallblock similar to that shown in Fig. 5, the only difierence being thatthe vertical grooves in the ends of the block are of considerablygreater depth as indicated at ll" in Fig. 6, and the outer ends of theair space grooves at the ends of the blocks are reduced in thicknesstoward the outer end of the block as indicated at 27"", thus increasingthe thickness of the walls 30 between the grooves H and 27" so asto-more effectively prevent mortar from the central mortar grooves H"from entering the air spaces 21" when the blocks are laid up in a wall.

The block shown in Fig. 7 i modified so as to be especially designed forthe building of a floor and may be generally of the same construction asthe block shown in Fig. 5, excepting that the central mortar opening 26" is of considerable width as compared with its thickness and thevertical mortar grooves ill) at each end of the block are of increaseddepth.

Furthermore the end portions of the block "are cut away above the endgrooves l'lb, as indicated at 3|, and the ends of the block above theend air space grooves 21b are further cut away as indicated at 32-.Otherwise the block shown in Fig. '7 is of the same construction as theblock shown in Fig. 5 and similar reference numerals are appliedthereto.

When the blocks such as shown in Fig. 7 are laid up in a floor as shownin Fig. 8, the opposed ends of adjacent blocks being cut away at 31 and32 as above described will form enlarge-d concrete or mortar receivingopenings into which mortar or concrete poured upon the top of the blockto form the surface of the floor will enter, filling the grooves llb and21b providing an anchor to hold the blocks solidly together as indicatedat 33.

This is shown more clearly on a larger scale in Fig. 9 in which it isseen that the ends of opposed blocks are firmly bonded together by theconcrete or other bonding material filling the spaces between the blocksfrom and including the central groove llb to the top of the blocks whilethe air spaces 2'! and 2-7" at the bottom of the blocks are entirelyunobstructed throughout the floor whereby cables, electric wires,conduits and the like, as indicated at 34., may be located through anyofthese air spaces.

In building a floor with the blocks as shown in Figs. 1 and 8, thepreferred method is to first stack the blocks in vertical columns, placerods through the opening 20 or 20" of all blocks in a column, and thenpour concrete or the like through these openings so as to bond theblock's together in an integral column.

-After the concrete has "set a plurality "of thee rigid columnsare laidside'by side, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8 and concrete or the like ispoured into the openings between adjacent columns, bonding the blockstogether in asolid, rigid fioor, the concrete being poured to anydesired depth upon the tops of the blocks, as indicated at-35 in Fig. 8,if desired.

I claim:

1. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including'a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of oppositetransverse faces, alongitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces and a recessformed on the other of said longitudinal faces, said recess being ofslightly greater depth than the height of the rib and otherwisecorresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being a longitudinalcentrally located groove in the rib and a correspondingly shaped centralgroove in the recess, half round centrally disposed grooves formed insaid opposite transverse faces of the block, said half round groovescommunicating at their ends with said longitudinal grooves, acentralop'ening extending through the block in substantially parallelrelation with said opposite sides and opposite transverse faces of theblock and communicating at its opposite ends with the central portionsof said longitudinal grooves, abutments in said longitudinal grooveslocated substantially midway between said central opening and theopposite transverse faces of the block, and ventilating openingsdisposed on opposite sides of said longitudinal grooves and extendingthrough the block insubstantially parallel relation with said centralopening and said opposite sides, the opposite ends of said ventilatingopenings being located in said rib and said recess respectively.

2. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, alongitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces and a recessformed on the other of said longitudinal faces, said recesscorresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being alongitudinalcentrally located groove in "the rib and a correspondingly shapedcentral groove in the recess, half round centrally disposed groovesformed in said opposite transverse faces of the block, said half roundgrooves communicating.

at their ends with said longitudinal grooves, a central openingextending through the block in substantially parallel relation with saidopposite sides and opposite transverse faces of the block andcommunicating at its opposite ends with the central portions of saidlongitudinal grooves, abutments in said longitudinal grooves locatedsubstantially midway between said central open ing and the oppositetransverse faces of. the block,:

ventilating openings disposed on opposite sides of said longitudinalgrooves and extending through the block in substantially parallelrelation with said central opening and said opposite sides, the oppositeends of said ventilating openings being located in said rib and saidrecess respectively,.

and 'a flange on each transverse race of the block,

said flange extending substantially trom -oney'of;

said longitudinal facesto the other, each flange having a surfacethereof coplanar with a side of the block.

3. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, a relativelywide longitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces, saidribhaving a substantially flat top surface and outwardly inclined sidesurfaces, and a recess formed on the other of said longitudinal faces,said recess corresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being alongitudinal centrally located groove in the rib and a correspondinglyshaped central groove in the recess, a central opening extending throughthe block in substantially parallel relation with said opposite sidesand opposite transverse faces of the block and communicating at itsopposite ends with the central portion of said longitudinal grooves,said longitudinal grooves extending from saidcentral opening to pointssubstantially midway between the central opening and each transverseface of the block and having closed ends at said points and longitudinalcentrally disposed grooves in the rib and recess beyond said closed endsand aligned with said first named longitudinal centrally located groovesand extending to the opposite transverse faces of the block, andcentrally disposed grooves formed in said opposite transverse faces ofthe block, said last named grooves communicating at their ends with saidlongitudinal grooves.

4. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, alongitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces and a recessformed on the other of said longitudinal faces, said recesscorresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being a longitudinalcentrally located groove in the rib and a correspondingly shaped centralgroove in the recess, a central opening extending through the block insubstantially parallel relation with said opposite sides and oppositetransverse faces of the block and communicating at its opposite endswith the central portions of said longitudinal grooves, abutments insaid longitudinal grooves located substantially midway between saidcentral opening and the opposite transverse faces of the block,ventilating openings disposed on opposite sides of said longitudinalgrooves and extending through the block in substantially parallelrelation with said central opening and said opposite sides, the oppositeends of said ventilating openings being located in said rib and saidrecess respectively and centrally disposed grooves formed in saidopposite transverse faces of the block, said centrally disposed groovescommunicating at their ends with the longitudinal grooves.

5. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, alongitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces and a recessformed on the other of said longitudinally faces, said recess being ofslightly greater depth than the height of the rib and otherwisecorresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being a longitudinalcentrally located groove in the rib and a correspondingly shaped centralgroove in the recess, a central opening extending through the block insubstantially parallel relation with said opposite sides and oppositetransverse faces" of the blockand communicating at its opposite endswith the central portions of said longitudinal grooves, abutments insaid longitudinal grooves located substantially midway between saidcentral opening and the opposite transverse faces of the block,ventilating openings disposed on opposite sides of said longitudinalgrooves and extending through the block in substantially parallelrelation with said central opening and said opposite sides, and a flangeon each transverse face of the block, said flange extendingsubstantially from one of said longitudinal faces to the other, eachflange having a surface thereof coplanar with a side of the block.

6. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, a

longitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudie nal faces, said ribhaving a substantially flat top surface and outwardly inclined sidesurfaces and a recess formed on the other of said longitudinal faces,said recess corresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being alongitudinal centrally located groove in the rib and a correspondinglyshaped central groove in the recess, a central opening extending throughthe block in substantially parallel relation with said opposite sidesand opposite transverse faces of the block and communicating at itsopposite ends with the central portions of said longitudinal grooves,said longitudinal grooves extending from said central opening to pointssubstantially midway between the central opening and the oppositetransverse faces of the block, abutments at said points, andlongitudinal centrally located grooves in the rib and recess beyond saidabutments and aligned with said first named longitudinal centrallylocated grooves and extending to opposite transverse faces of the block,centrally disposed grooves formed in said opposite transverse faces ofthe block, said centrally disposed grooves communicating at their endswith said longitudinal grooves, and a flange on each transverse face ofthe block, said flanges extending substantially from one of saidlongitudinal faces to the other, each flange having a surface thereofcoplanar with a side of the block.

7. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of, oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, alongitudinal relatively wide rib formed on one of said longitudinalfaces and a recess formed on the other of said longitudinal faces, saidre-' cess corresponding in width and shape to said rib, there being alongitudinal centrally located groove in the rib and a correspondinglyshaped central groove in the recess, a central opening extending throughthe block in substantially parallel relation with said opposite sidesand opposite transverse faces of the block, and communicating at itsopposite ends with the central portions of said longitudinal grooves,abutments in said longitudinal grooves located substantially midwaybetween said central openings and the opposite transverse faces of theblock, venti-; lating openings disposed on opposite sides of saidlongitudinal grooves and extending through the block in substantiallyparallel relation with said central opening and said opposite sides, theopposite ends of said ventilating opening being located in said rib andsaid recess respectively, and a flange on each transverse face of theblock, said flange extending substantially from one of said longitudinalfaces to the other, each flange having a surface thereof coplanar with aside of the block.

8. A substantially rectangularly shaped masonry building block, saidblock including a pair of opposite sides, a pair of oppositelongitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transverse faces, alongitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces, said ribbeing of a width only slightly 1 less than the width of the block andhaving a substantially flat top surface and downwardly and outwardlyinclined side surfaces, and a recess formed on the other of saidlongitudinal faces, said recess being of slightly greater depth than theheight of the rib and otherwise corresponding in width and shape to saidrib, there being a longitudinal centrally located groove in the rib anda correspondingly shaped central groove in the recess, so as to form awide, thin, flat longitudinal space of slightly less width than theblock with an enlarged portion formed partly in each longitudinal face,a centrally disposed groove formed in each opposite transverse face ofthe block, said centrally disposed grooves communicating at their endswith said longitudinal grooves, a central opening extending through theblock in substantially parallel relation with said opposite sides andopposite transverse faces of the block and communicating at its oppositeends with the central portions of said longitudinal grooves, ventilatingopenings disposed on opposite sides of said longitudinal grooves andextending through the block in substantially parallel relation with saidcentral opening and said opposite sides, the opposite ends of saidventilating openings being located in said rib and said recessrespectively, and flanges on each transverse face of the block, saidflanges extending substantially from one of said longitudinal faces tothe other, each flange having a surface thereof coplanar with a side ofthe block so as to form a wide, substantially thick, fiat, transversemortar space of slightly less width than the block with a centralenlarged portion formed partly in each transverse face of the block.

9. Wall construction comprising superposed similar rectangularly shapedmasonry building blocks, each block including a pair of opposite sides,a pair of opposite longitudinal faces and a pair of opposite transversefaces, a longitudinal rib formed on one of said longitudinal faces, saidrib being of a width only slightly less than the Width of the block andhaving a, substantially flat top surface and downwardly and outwardlyinclined side surfaces, and a recess formed on the other of saidlongitudinal faces, said recess being of slightly greater depth than theheight of the rib and otherwise corresponding in width and shape to saidrib, there being a longitudinal centrally located groove in the rib anda correspondingly shaped central groove in the recess, so as to form awide, thin, fiat longitudinal space of slightly less width than theWidth of the superposed blocks, said space having an enlarged portionformed partly in each longitudinal face, a centrally disposed grooveformed in each opposite transverse face of the block, said centrallydisposed grooves communicating at their ends with said longitudinalgrooves, a central opening extending through the block in substantiallyparallel relation with said opposite sides and opposite transverse facesof the block and ccinmunicating at its opposite ends with the centralportions of said longitudinal grooves, ventilating openings disposed onopposite sides of said longitudinal grooves and extending through theblock in substantially parallel relation with said central opening andsaid opposite sides, the opposite ends of said ventilating openingsbeing located in said rib and said recess respectively, and flanges oneach transverse face of the block, said flanges extending substantiallyfrom one of said longitudinal faces to the other, each flange having asurface thereof coplanar with a side of the block so as to form a wide,substantially thick, fiat, transverse mortar space of slightly lesswidth than the block with a central enlarged portion formed partly ineach opposed transverse face of abutting blocks, and mortar filling saidlongitudinal grooves, centrally disposed grooves, central openings andtransverse mortar spaces, all of said mortar being entirely within theoutline of the wall to provide a dry wall with tight joints.

HAROLD ZAGRAY.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 738,643 Van Camp Sept. 8, 1903 960,217 Dodds May 31, 19101,154,546 Peters Sept. 21, 1915 1,378,735 Talbot May 17, 1921 1,623,094Cooley et al. Apr. 5, 1927 2,075,560 Warren Mar. 30, 1937 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 8,387 Great Britain 1903 415,757 France 191021,481 France 1920 611,679 France 1926 813,211 France 1937 546,392 GreatBritain 1942

